Space-time Cells theory

I wrote a short simulation in Matlab to help visualize how energy causes cells to deform which in turn effects neighboring cells.

Above is an animation of an energetic mass-bearing particle moving through spacetime cells.  The plots below then further explain what is being depicted. A simulation of a massless particle is upcoming, the major difference being massless energy does not increase the volume of cells but rather stretches and contorts them.  Of course this is a simplified model.  In reality many particles are conglomerates of mass and massless energy.

The following plots all have four subplots.  The top left plot shows how the observed force pulling inward towards the cell with energy drops off with distance.  The plot below it shows one row of cells.  The dotted cells show where the expanded cell and the surrounding compressed cells were positioned before the energy expansion occurred.  The upper-right plot shows the simulated matrix of cells with the energy-containing cell travelling from the bottom left of the matrix to the to the top right.  This is the hyper-dimensional view or the “God view”.  Note how the cells immediately adjacent to the energetic one are stretched and compressed, and how the cells return to normal as the distance from the energetic cells increases.  The final bottom right plot shows the traditional intra-dimensional plot or the “internal view”.  This view visualizes the gravitational force by drawing a well, and the deeper a cell is, the stronger the gravitational force.

The last plot has the same subplots, but a cell with even more energy is shown.

Remember the idea is that cells with mass-bearing particles on them swell a little, putting pressure on the surrounding cells and increasing the cell surface areas of adjacent cells, thus increasing the probability that particles will jump towards the cell with mass, thus appearing like a force.  The other three forces all express themselves as waves traveling through the cells, causing cells to momentarily grow in one direction and then return to normal size.  Therefore the cells do expand as energy waves pass through them, but the net gravitational energy is zero.

However, if a craft were able to emit energy from multiple points at a location just in front of it, and synchronize the phase and intersection point of the beams such that a standing wave node forms right in front of it, then this would create an area of gravitational pull and time slow down.

The craft would be propelled towards the point only for the point to move since the focus point of the beams is fixed relative to the body of the craft.  Therefore the craft would continue to accelerate chasing the gravitational well it was producing.

Such a gravitationally driven craft would have its engines, as it were, in the front of the craft while traveling through space.  Alternatively the craft could be described as “driving backwards”.  When it gets to a planet, it could then hover and move about by continuing to generate a gravitational well above the craft, canceling out the force of gravity of the planet.  It could move by subtly moving the focus point in the direction it wants to travel.  A round shape would probably work best as far as aerodynamics goes.

What do you think?  It seems like this would be testable just by “crossing the streams” of several lasers (that’s a Ghostbusters reference).

I’m not sure how the frequency of the laser would come into play.  It would seem intuitively that a short wavelength, high energy laser would work best–and the more lasers the better.

This seems like a similar configuration to the pulse-fusion laser systems, but these have lasers from every direction.  I wonder if anyone ever thought of checking to see if a small gravitational jerk was momentarily produced for the short time while the lasers were on.  It couldn’t be that strong or it would have been discovered by now.  If the effect were really strong, the sphere could potentially implode as it would be like having a small black hole for a short time in the middle of the sphere.

Quantum Jitter/Heisenberg Uncertainty Principal – due to the fact that we can never know the state of the ripples on the surface of cells, we can never predict with certainty the state of particle wave functions. At best we can predict probabilities given the best estimate of cellular wave state and particle state.

Black Hole Event Horzion/Information Loss – A black hole is a huge concentration of energy on a single cell. To an observer in the universe (internal ovserver), all cells appear to have the same infinitesimal size of one Planck Length.  One of the primary tenets of the spacetime cell idea, is that to an external/hyper-dimensional observer, energy-bearing cells grow in volume (specifically its surface area) proportional to the amount of energy it contains. Therefore a black hole to an external observer is an enormous cell. It seems as though there’s no limit to just how much a cell can expand; if there were, surely supermassive black holes like M87 would have broken spacetime already. As particles are absorbed by the black hole, their information is transformed to ripples on the surface of the ever-expanding cell. Therefore information is not lost and available to the external observer. The size of the cell to an external observer is equivalent to the size of cells in the event horizon to the internal observer.  This is why information in the black hole is proportional to the surface area of the event horizon.  The event horizon itself is a non-corporeal, virtual surface, but the surface of the super expanded cell is a real surface.

Quantum Leap – when an electron gains or loses a photon, its wave function necessarily lines up along cell boundaries, the cells forming a natural gap, causing the electron to tunnel to its new orbit instantaneously.

Quantum Tunneling – when a particle happens to line up along cell boundaries, it can travel seemingly instantaneously to a location several cells away and through barriers it would otherwise not have the energy to move through. The probability of more and more cells lining up decreases rapidly, limiting the number of cells the can be tunneled through.

Quantum Entanglement – when two particles interact their waves will align either in phase or out of phase. If these particles can be separated such that they don’t interact with each other, they will continue to interact with each other’s waves. The wave strength drops off rapidly, but if no other interactions are allowed then the particles will continue to maintain a stable in or out of phase relationship.

Quantum Teleportation – the idea is that two entangled particles will continue to keep a tunnel open through cells such when that a third particle interacts with one of the entangled particles, it can instantaneously travel to the other particle, eliminating itself at the origin, and causing an in or out of phase interaction at the other particle.

Quantum Superposition – a particle’s various vibrational states ripple through adjacent cells independently, therefore allowing an infinite number of vibrational properties to be stored in a group of interacting cells.

Speed of light/causality – vibrations and waves travel through space time cells which behave like super fluid. The speed at the waves travel is a function of the density of the cells, which a constant as the lattice of cells maintains a constant pressure. Therefore just as the speed of sound is a function of the density of air molecules, so is the speed at which energy waves travel for cell to cell.

Wave Function – depending on the particle, different types of vibrations (for instance longitudinal and transverse) emanate through nearby cells at speed of light and follow (or potentially guide [bohemian mechanics/pilot wave theory]). The particle’s state therefore it theoretically infinite and it the combination of the waves associated with the particle.

Particle Spin – although spin is a characteristic which does not need by necessity to involve actual spin, I believe in reality it arises from a particle’s orbit-like motion around cells. While on the surface of an individual cell, the particle spin around the cell until the cell makes contact with another cell and then jumps to that cell.

Information Paradox – information is not lost anywhere in the universe from the beginning of time (actually even predating time) as vibrations of the surface of cells. In a black hole, a massive, unlimited number of particles exist on the surface of a single cell, thus appearing to an internal viewer to have zero radius. All the particles’ original states continue to exist as vibrations on the surface of the cell. This lends very well to the holographic theory.

Dark matter – Scientists have gone back and forth about the need for dark matter-some unknown matter which doesn’t seem to react with any of the known forces except gravity (and maybe the weak force). From a space time cells perspective, this is probably a particle which does not vibrate at all but does cause the expansion of cells. Vibrations amount to forces and expansion of cells amounts to gravity. Therefore a vibration-less particle will only interact via gravity.

Dark energy – This is an unknown energy that causes every point in the universe to expand at an accelerating rate. This phenomena is intrinsic to the space time cells idea: it is simply cellular division. From the very first division of the primordial cell at the moment of the Big Bang all the way to all the current cells in the universe, it is a property of the cellular fabric of spacetime. Classic astrophysics really has no explanation for this. Some sort of anti-gravity? How can every point in the universe be expanding, and wouldn’t that put tremendous pressure inside the universe.  What if everyone of your cells divided right now and then grew to the size of the original parent cell?  Cells on the outside of your body could just move outward, but cells in the middle would have to push all the other cells to the exterior outward.  For spacetime cells this is not an issue because the cells do not grow after dividing.  From the primordial cell until now, the universe has not changed in size. From the internal perspective, the universe continues to expand at all points, but from the external view the structure of the universe keeps getting finer and finer as the cells divide and half in size.

Holographic Universe – The theory itself is easy to explain: a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region. It’s harder to visualize. We live in a 3-D spacial universe, how could that universe really be a projection from a 2-D surface out at infinity somewhere? I don’t have the answer to this, but I can say that the spacetime cells idea is consistent with this theory.  The primordial cell is the “screen” which is out at infinity. All the information in the universe started out at ripples on the surface of the cell–some tiny, some huge, some high frequency, and some low. It is the information in these waves that is still imprinted in the current universe, just spread out across a great number of cells (said another way, the universe is cooler). Nevertheless, the amount of information in the volume of the universe can be expressed on the surface of the surrounding primordial cell surface.

Inflation – An idea is that the first division of the universe was actually many instantaneous divisions at once. That is many cellular walls started forming simultaneously like lightning tearing across the sky until nearly simultaneously the single primordial cell became many cells at once. This could have happened several times for the first several generations of cells, causing the universe to go from just one cell to trillions in just a few generations. Once enough differences in energy density existed, then gravity would start to take effect. This would end the inflation stage of the Big Bang.

Summary

In a nutshell, the theory says that the fabric of space-time is made up of tiny Planck-length cells.  These cells divide spontaneously and independent of each other, halving their size.  Matter and energy exists in the form of particles and waves traveling on the surface of the cells.  Before the Big Bang, the entire universe existed as one gigantic universe-sized cell with all the matter and energy that would ever exist in a frenzied jumble of particles and waves on its surface.  Time began when the cell divided into two, thus starting the first ‘tick’ of the universe’s clock.  The universe from an external, hyper-dimensional standpoint has always been the same size.  Occupants within the universe, the internal view, observe it expanding as the number of cells between an observer and an object increases.  An occupant within the universe could observe or measure at best (theoretically) distances of one Planck-length per cell.  Occupants of the universe will observe each cell as one Planck-length even though the cells themselves are not necessarily the same size.  When matter with mass transfers onto the surface of a cell, that cell swells, its surface area and diameter increasing slightly proportional to its mass.  Cells with many, many mass-bearing particles on them can therefore be much larger than non-mass-bearing cells, as is the case with black holes.  The external viewer sees black holes as large swollen cells, whereas the internal viewer observes every cell the same size.  Gravity is a result of the pressure exerted upon neighboring cells pushing back towards the larger cell in the middle.  Cells near a black hole, for instance, are greatly squeezed and flattened.  This flattening drops of at one over the radius squared.  Therefore zooming out sufficiently from a black hole and looking at the region of space around a black hole, the average cell diameter returns to normal, and the region contains the same number of cells and an empty region without a black hole.  The cells themselves do not move and are immortal; rather particles and waves move from cell to cell and the cells create a lattice on which the observable universe exists.  The external viewer sees the universe getting finer and finer, whereas the internal viewer sees it getting bigger and bigger.

The image below is a supercomputer simulation of the universe at its current age depicting how galaxies, galaxy-clusters, and super galaxy clusters form along twisted, intersecting lines called filaments.  I believe these filaments are an artifact of space-time cell division in the early universe, as particles tended to coalesce along cell boundaries, revealing the cellular structure of the fabric of space-time.

Introduction

I’m always thinking…about the universe, about God, about the mundane things of life, etc.

Regarding the universe, I’ve had ideas about the universe’s true structure for several years now. What’s the probability of my ideas being right?  Slim to none to be optimistic. Nevertheless, there are many facets of my ideas that seem to fit with what physicists are currently observing and pondering.

I believe it was Einstein who coined the phrase, “the fabric of space” (It may have been a physicist named William Clifford around 1850). Before General Relativity, most scientists thought space was just an empty vacuum; but since General Relativity, space seems to be something since it can be warped and stretched. It was here where my thought process began, “what could the fabric of space-time be?”

I’m sure it’s because I’m just a regular person and not a physicist, but I’ve thought there must be some mechanical or physical connection between objects in space in order for gravity to attract them to each other.  After all, we’ve all seen the 2D demonstration of gravity on a trampoline with two balls.  The primary heavy ball makes a dent in the surface which causes the lighter one to curve towards it as it rolls by.  Here the fabric actually is a fabric.  Why couldn’t space be some sort of invisible 3D fabric (at least invisible to those in the universe) where objects move through it without friction and vibrate creating ever-expanding ripples and waves?  Apparently this idea that space is something has been considered before and was called the Aether, but I only found out about this later on.  So I guess I’m an “Aetherist”.

Well, enough of an introduction. Let’s get to what I think the aether might be.

Imagine the universe as a single “cell” sitting in a black expanse.  The expanse in which it sits is a hyper dimension of space and time outside of our universe and inaccessible to the in the universe.  Any animation you have seen of the Big Bang where the camera is looking at a dot that suddenly explodes assumes this hyper dimension.  That’s because before the Big Bang the universe in which we live had no space in it and time stood still (i.e. there was no time).  If you could somehow exist in the primordial universe, you would measure its diameter as 0 and your clock would be at 0 and not be ticking.  If a hyper dimension existed outside of the universe, like say where God lives, and you resided in this dimension, then you could sit outside the primordial universe looking at it and you could have a hyper-dimensional clock that was ticking.  Let’s say that is case.

As you sit in hyperspace, and you measure the infant pre-Big Bang universe, how big do you think it would be?  Well it turns out is doesn’t matter. Any sense of dimension and any sense of time in hyperspace is not related to dimension and time within our universe.  You can say that the universe has a diameter and that it’s not a singularity, but that’s about it.  You could say it’s one inch across or one quadrillion light years across—the fact is hyper-dimensional measurements don’t correspond to measurements within our universe.

Getting back to the cell—the cell is the universe.  I call it a cell because it has a membrane and it’s roughly spherical.  Unlike cellular life that’s filled with cytoplasm and various organelles, it doesn’t matter what space-time cells are filled with or if they’re filled with anything at all.  All the action is on the surface of the cell.  Our entire universe is just one cell in its pre-Big Bang state, and all the energy our universe will ever have is moving around on the surface of the cell in the form of various particles, vibrations, and waves.  The particles are so densely packed, that they collide and turn into other particles and make waves.  Basically the membrane of the cell is alive with particles, waves and energy.  But how could all this be happening if the clock of the universe still reads zero?  It’s because time in the universe is a function of particles and waves moving between Space-Time Cells (STC), but there’s only one cell at this time so no semblance of time can pass.  The particles and waves move along the cell’s surface in hyper dimensional time (both before the Big Bang and after it).  This is how the particles and waves can be moving on the primordial cell’s surface even though time has not yet begun.

As I’ll explain later, gravity is a function of relative pressures between cells, so when there’s only one cell or even many cells with the same energy content, there’s no force of gravity.  It’s an important point because I’ve often wondered what could cause the primordial singularity universe to “explode”.  The gravity of all the matter and energy in the whole universe collapsed down into a singularity would be so immense, what could cause it to explode?  It would be extremely stable with all that gravity, right?   Well in the STC theory, there would be no gravity.

What was the advent of time?  I don’t know why, but STCs occasionally divide into two.  It’s another reason why I call them cells.  I didn’t come up with the idea of STCs because there’s an organic analogy between them and biological–it’s just a coincidence.

At any rate, STCs divide occasionally.  The daughter cells are roughly the same size and same surface area as each other, but half the size of the original cell.  This first division, which I call the “Big Split”, is the beginning of time in our universe–it is in fact what we call the Big Bang.  As the cell divides, the particles and waves on its surface quickly adjust redistribute themselves along the two surfaces.  Thus half the energy of the universe is on one cell and the other half is on the other.  Not to say it’s precisely divided 50/50.  The motion of the particles and waves is rather random, so one side might have a little more energy than the other, but they are nearly identical.

Because they of nearly identical, gravity still doesn’t exist yet.  Gravity will not exist until there’s a sufficient number of cells in order for the slight variation of particles had some significance.  I believe what happens at this stage of the universe is what scientists call “inflation”.  Inflation is an as yet unknown behavior of the universe where it rapidly went from much smaller than a proton to a macroscopic size nearly instantaneously.  I say “macroscopic” because I’ve heard sizes anywhere from just under 1 mm to 20 cm. For the sake of this blog, let’s say it is one 1 mm.  The Inflation theory was necessary to explain how the distribution of energy around the universe is so uniform.

Once physicists started getting accurate and detailed images of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), pictured above, they were amazed at just how uniform the energy distribution was.  Many of you have seen the image with random patterns of blue to red pixels, but the temperature difference from the hottest red to the coldest blue is only several hundred thousandths of a degree Celsius.  How could energy be so uniformly distributed if one part of the universe could not “communicate” with another given the speed of light?  The answer physicists came up with is inflation. If the universe blossomed almost instantaneously, then matter and energy would exhibit this smooth uniformity.

I’m not saying inflation didn’t happen–I’m just saying that since the force of gravity was insignificant until certain regions of space had a considerably smaller amount of energy is them compared to others.  The universe at 1 mm would be 6.25e31 Planck lengths across, and therefore the number of STCs across, and roughly around 1.28e95 cells in the sphere that is the universe.  That’s a considerable number.  If the numbers of cells doubled at the maximum possible rate of one division every Planck time period, then it would only take 316 Planck periods to reach this number.  316 Planck periods is only 1.70e-41 seconds–which is basically instantaneously.  The STCs wouldn’t necessarily have to divide any this rate, but this is the fastest the universe could have gotten to this size.